Grade 10q – Global II
Regents Review: Absolutism - Enlightement
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Question 1 |
Which of the following is NOT one of Locke's natural rights?
A | Property. |
B | Liberty. |
C | Life. |
D | Pursuit of happiness. |
Question 1 Explanation:
Locke's words were a basis of the Declaration of Independence but in reality he used "property" not the "pursuit of happiness."
Question 2 |
Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on what?
A | the teachings of the Catholic Church |
B | emotions and feelings |
C | observation and experimentation |
D | the experiences of past civilizations |
Question 2 Explanation:
Each of these men believed that knowledge should come from processes based on the scientific method.
Question 3 |
What impact did the Scientific Revolution have on the power of the church?
A | It granted the church more financial power |
B | It decreased its powers |
C | It increased its powers |
D | Clergy members were exempted from prosecution |
Question 3 Explanation:
As science and its methodologies became more widespread, ideas once believed solely based on faith and the word of church members were challenged. People began to want to see real "proof" through experimentation and observations.
Question 4 |
Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with their belief in the separation of powers?
A | Locke |
B | Diderot |
C | Piaget |
D | Voltaire |
E | Montesquieu |
Question 4 Explanation:
Montesquieu believed in checks and balances and branches of government so no one person or body could abuse its authority.
Question 5 |
According to Machiavelli in "The Prince" people should be ruled by...
A | Peace and tranquility. |
B | The purchase of votes. |
C | Fear of their leader. |
D | Democratic experiences. |
Question 5 Explanation:
Machiavelli believed it was better to be feared as a leader than to be loved.
Question 6 |
Which group would be least at odds with Enlightenment thinkers?
A | Religious leaders |
B | Women |
C | American colonists |
D | Philisophes |
Question 6 Explanation:
Religious leaders did not like the way philisophes, another name for these thinkers, questioned the history of mankind and the role of people.
Question 7 |
The United States operates today under three branches of government. Who would support this system the most?
A | Montesquieu |
B | Locke |
C | Machiavelli |
D | Voltaire |
Question 7 Explanation:
Montesquieu's belief in separate branches of government and checks and balances was involved in the creation of the U.S. government and Constitution.
Question 8 |
Which of the following best suits the term "centralized power?"
A | The United States Congress voting on matters |
B | King Louis XIV asking for advice from royal advisors |
C | French citizens voting for a ruler |
D | A monarch controlling many decisions |
Question 8 Explanation:
Centralized power means limited to one or a few people. During the age of absolutism, power was centered on the king or queen who made decisions, often by themselves.
Question 9 |
What was the major contribution of Peter the Great?
A | He successfully captured London and Paris |
B | He destroyed the German armies the west |
C | He kept Russia as isolated as possible |
D | He westernized Russia to strengthen the nation |
Question 9 Explanation:
Peter expanded the Russian Empire and modernized it by adopting many Enlightenment theories and newer technologies.
Question 10 |
Believers in divine right claimed their power came from...
A | God |
B | Votes |
C | Foreign rulers chose them |
D | The consent of the people |
Question 10 Explanation:
Kings and Queens that claimed divine right believed their powers were granted from God.
Question 11 |
Karma is most closely associated to what Enlightenment era concept?
A | Yin and Yang |
B | Natural Balance |
C | Deism |
D | Theology |
Question 11 Explanation:
Deism: Good things come from good things and bad things come from bad things. People must work towards the good.
Question 12 |
What is a salon during this era?
A | A place where intellectuals met to discuss ideas. |
B | A place where fashion leaders met. |
C | A form of church. |
D | A place women met to have their hair done and gossip. |
Question 12 Explanation:
Intellectuals met together to discuss new ways of thinking away from conservatives and religious leaders that would be upset to hear their ways of thinking.
Question 13 |
Match the following monarch to their country:
King Henry VIII
A | France |
B | Italy |
C | Russia |
D | England |
Question 13 Explanation:
Henry VIII is most famous for separating from the Catholic Church and forming the Church or England.
Question 14 |
Which of the following would Machiavelli believe in according to "The Prince?"
A | The Senate of Rome |
B | King Louis XIV |
C | Barack Obama |
D | George Washington |
Question 14 Explanation:
Machiavelli believed in monarchs and absolute power.
Question 15 |
Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes?
A | The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened. |
B | Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed. |
C | Funding to education was increased by the English government. |
D | The scientific method was used to solve problems. |
Question 16 |
What best defines the Enlightenment?
A | An age of exploration. |
B | A period of intellectual prosperity. |
C | An era of technological advancement. |
D | An age of religious rebirth. |
Question 16 Explanation:
During the Enlightenment people began to think for themselves and appreciate their own individual talents, thoughts, and beliefs. Before this period people believed whatever monarchs made them.
Question 17 |
Who is the author of "Two Treatises of Government?"
A | Hobbes |
B | Diderot |
C | Locke |
D | Rousseau |
Question 17 Explanation:
This work is important because it outlines Locke's belief that people have to give up on some beliefs for the success of society as a whole. Compromising is key!
Question 18 |
Who is the author of Philosphia Naturalis Principia Mathematica, better known as the Principia?
A | Sir Isaac Newton |
B | Galileo |
C | Copernicus |
D | Kepler |
Question 19 |
Who is the chief contributor of the "Encyclopedie"?
A | MacMillan |
B | Horace |
C | Webster |
D | Locke |
E | Diderot |
Question 19 Explanation:
Diderot believed in sharing knowledge based on fact and research. He was often criticized by religious leaders as science and religion were clashing at the time.
Question 20 |
"The right of nature... is the liberty each man hath to use his own power, as he will himself, for the preservation of his own nature; that is to say, of his own life."
is said by...
A | Rousseau |
B | Hobbes |
C | Diderot |
D | Locke |
Question 20 Explanation:
Hobbes was a believer in the selfish and unruly. He was the opposite of Locke in theory and more closely associated to Machiavelli's beliefs.
Question 21 |
"I may not believe in what you say but I will defend with my life your right to say it" is a variation of a quote most often associated to...
A | Voltaire |
B | Locke |
C | Montesequieu |
D | Diderot |
E | Rousseau |
Question 21 Explanation:
Voltaire is best known for this quote that expresses his belief in the freedom of speech. People should be able to criticized openly without fear of punishment or death.
Question 22 |
"Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains."
Said by...
A | Locke |
B | Diderot |
C | Rousseau |
D | Hobbes |
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Regents Review: European Industrial Revolution
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Question 1 |
How did other countries catch up to Britain's progress?
A | They did it alone in isolation by chance |
B | Buying technology and using resources |
C | Trading for Britain's surplus of natural resources |
D | Britain wanted to help other countries and loaned them money |
Question 1 Explanation:
Other countries, specifically Germany and the United States, had an abundance of coal, iron, and wood, resources necessary to industrialize and build railroads.
Question 2 |
What example reflects the concept of the division of labor?
A | Insurance Brokers |
B | Glassblowing |
C | McDonalds |
D | Carpentry |
Question 2 Explanation:
The division of labor means people will do one thing and hopefully do it well. A task, such as creating a cheeseburger, is broken down into simple parts. Cook, assemble, wrap. People will only do one part of the process to increase speed yet decrease the skills needed to do it.
Question 3 |
Why was Britain one of the first countries to industrialize?
A | Abundance of ports and rivers. |
B | A policy against imperialism. |
C | Abundance of natural resources. |
D | Vast amounts of slave labor. |
Question 3 Explanation:
The ports and waterways around Britain allowed natural resources to come in from Britain's vast imperialistic empire. They would turn these resources into finished goods to be traded.
Question 4 |
The rise of the middle class and the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor is often contributed to ...
A | Bessemer Process |
B | Entrepreneurism |
C | The division of labor |
D | The rise of labor unions |
Question 4 Explanation:
The division of labor increased the need for unskilled labor and broke down the need for skilled labor as a complicated task was now done by several people who only needed to do one thing well.
Question 5 |
“The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains…Workers of the world, unite!”
This statement was made in response to conditions resulting from the...
A | Protestant Revolution |
B | Counter Reformation |
C | Industrial Revolution |
D | Abolitionism |
Question 5 Explanation:
During the Industrial Revolution, workers (the proletariat) often suffered under harsh working conditions and with little pay in the factories of the bourgeoisie. These conditions led Marx and Engles to draft the Communist Manifesto to urge workers to revolt against the upper classes in favor of a system of socialism, where all citizens would benefit from all of the property and resources in a nation.
Question 6 |
According to Karl Marx, history is the record of the...
A | Increasing prosperity evolved from industry |
B | Granting of more political liberties to all people |
C | Wars and conflicts between national leaders |
D | Struggle between classes in society |
Question 6 Explanation:
Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto (1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). He predicted that the proletariat would rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.
Question 7 |
In the early 1700's, before the Industrial Revolution, approximately what percentage of people lived in cities such as London?
A | 50% |
B | 5% |
C | 25% |
D | 75% |
Question 7 Explanation:
London, one of the largest cities at the time, had a population of roughly 700,000 people. Only 25% of the total population lived in cities.
Question 8 |
When demand for goods rose many merchants hired workers to produce these things in their own homes. This is known as the...
A | Immigrant System |
B | Slavery |
C | Domestic System |
D | Indentured Servitude |
Question 8 Explanation:
The domestic system was a network of labor with many benefits. People worked in their homes and could make their own schedule to fit family life. It was the first step towards the Industrial Revolution.
Question 9 |
In England, which circumstance was a result of the other three?
A | Availability of labor |
B | Abundance of Coal and Iron |
C | The beginning of the Industrial Revolution |
D | Waterpower from river systems |
Question 9 Explanation:
When people began to industrialize, all of these other things became important for its success.
Question 10 |
Before the Industrial Revolution, where was "factory work" completed?
A | Overseas in industrialized North America |
B | In rural factories |
C | In cities |
D | In the home by men and women |
Question 10 Explanation:
Before the Industrial Revolution work was done in the home. Factories did not exist. The Industrial Revolution in the United States would come later.
Question 11 |
The breakdown of traditions, increased levels of pollution, and the expansion of slums are negative aspects of...
A | Collectivism |
B | Militarism |
C | Urbanization |
D | Pogroms |
Question 11 Explanation:
As people move into the cities they become overpopulated or densely populated. Pollution occurs, poor people are forced into slums, and traditions are lost as cultures mix.
Question 12 |
Define entrepreneur.
A | Farmers that fought back against industrialization |
B | People who donated money to inventors |
C | The King and Queen's advisers on the royal court |
D | Ambitious people looking to take risks in new industries |
Question 12 Explanation:
The Industrial Revolution depended on men and women who would take risks with inventions and change. They forged new ways of doing old things to increase efficiency and productivity.
Question 13 |
What was Henry Bessemer's contribution that changed the world during the Industrial Revolution?
A | The Spinning Wheel |
B | Glass and Mirrors |
C | An efficient way to create steel from iron |
D | The Cotton Gin |
Question 13 Explanation:
Bessemer's process led to the creation of a strong steel. Steel as you know is used everywhere today. Think about cities and skyscrapers - could they exist without steel (frames)?
Question 14 |
Which of these was NOT an effect of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?
A | Europeans sought new markets for their goods. |
B | Many Europeans migrated to the cities in search of jobs. |
C | Europeans became isolated nations to protect their ideas |
D | European middle class gained political power. |
Question 14 Explanation:
As Europe developed, its need for new markets and raw materials expanded driving them to reach out to new worlds.
Question 15 |
During the 1800s, reform legislation passed in Great Britain, France, and Germany led to...
A | legalizing trade unions, setting minimum wages, and limiting child labor |
B | government-owned factories, establishment of five-year plans, and limits placed on immigration |
C | bans on overseas trade, mandatory military service, and universal suffrage for women |
D | formation of zaibatsu, greater equality for men, and establishment of a banking system |
Question 15 Explanation:
As the middle class grew people began to fight for new rights. Companies and factories remained privatized, owned by individuals and overseas trade flourished.
Question 16 |
What effect did Eli Whitney's cotton gin have on North America?
A | Cotton prices increased dramatically as it became a luxury |
B | Slavery nearly ended as the gin replaced the need for human labor |
C | The number of slaves grew due to increases in cotton production |
D | Cotton nearly became an extinct plant because it was over harvested in the south |
Question 16 Explanation:
Now that cotton seeds could be removed at a much faster rate slaves needed to pick more of the raw material for processing. The abundance of cotton led to a drop in price because it was more widely available.
Question 17 |
How did the enclosure movement affect the development of Europe?
A | Small farms suddenly became large farms |
B | Wealthy landowners gave away fields to farmers to use for growing crops |
C | Small farmers were forced to move into cities to find work |
D | Crop production dramatically increased |
Question 17 Explanation:
The enclosure movement passed by Parliament allowed wealthy landowners to privatize land and prevented farmers from growing on "unclaimed" land. Farmers needed to find new means of work.
Question 18 |
Which condition is most necessary to the process of industrialization in a society?
A | Creation of a one crop economy |
B | Imperialistic Markets |
C | The existence of investment capital |
D | Dependence on subsistence agriculture and slavery |
Question 18 Explanation:
Capital, or money that can be invested, is critical to the development of industrialization because without it, machines could not be purchased which could manufacture industrial goods from raw materials.
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Regents Review: Japan-Imperialism
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Question 1 |
Who is given credit for opening trade relations with Japan?
A | Matthew Perry |
B | Thomas Brady |
C | Clayton Jamison |
D | Ronald MacArthur II |
Question 1 Explanation:
In 183 a fleet was sen to Japan to negotiate trade with Japan and it was led by Mr. Perry.
Question 2 |
What was one of the major thoughts behind the Meiji Restoration and Mutsushito's decision to allow western influence?
A | Military competition and technology |
B | Participation in global markets |
C | The exploitation of slavery from Africa |
D | It was forced by first world countries |
Question 2 Explanation:
Mutsushito believed that western powers, namely military capabilities, were superior and in order to keep pace, Japan would have to open trade relations and consume technologies.
Question 3 |
Which of the following statements describes the Meiji Restoration best?
A | Eat or be eaten |
B | Die another day |
C | Survival of the Fittest |
D | Ignorance is Bliss |
Question 3 Explanation:
Japan believed that in order to avoid imperialization it would have to industrialize itself. Within 50 years Japan had grown significantly and began to pursue its own policy of imperialization.
Question 4 |
What was the driving force behind the Sino-Japanese War?
A | Competition or natural resources and trade rights |
B | Religious differences |
C | Political alliances brought these countries to war |
D | A long history of military competition |
Question 5 |
In 1905 the Russo-Japanese War ended with Japanese victory. Which of the following was NOT part of the Treaty of Portsmouth?
A | Chinese port city trading rights |
B | Control of Manchuria in China |
C | Korea became its protectorate |
D | Japan would sell one island they did not want |
Question 6 |
What was one of the major goals of the Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?
A | Japan wanted to assume domination and remove European influence |
B | Asian countries would sign military accords for future conflicts |
C | Japan made secret treaties with western countries to undermine its weaker neighbors |
D | Japan would share its wealth with neighboring countries |
Question 6 Explanation:
Japan attempted to imperialize Asian countries the same way Europeans had.
Question 7 |
An autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity is known as a...
A | Protectorate |
B | Community |
C | Diatribe |
D | Colony |
Question 8 |
A spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity, accommodating to the interests of powers outside the borders of the state that controls it.
This definition defines the term:
A | Sphere of Influence |
B | Protectorate |
C | Colony |
D | Territory |
Question 9 |
A | Japan |
B | Russia |
C | Germany |
D | France |
Question 10 |
Which of the following countries supported Japanese imperialism as it combated Russia's growing influence?
A | Britain |
B | France |
C | Germany |
D | China |
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Regents Review: Russian Revolution
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Question 1 |
Which of the following is FALSE about serfs in Russia...
A | Serfs could own land like any citizen |
B | Serfs could freely own businesses |
C | Serfs were more likely to be conscripted into the military than nobles |
D | Serfs had to receive a special permit to marry |
Question 1 Explanation:
In 1861 Alexander II ended serfdom. With equality came more progress both socially and economically.
Question 2 |
Define: zemstvo
A | King's advisers under Nicholas II |
B | Locally organized, rural governments |
C | Participants in the Russian assembly |
D | Ethnic cleansing attempts |
Question 2 Explanation:
Alexander II instituted the system of zemstvos during his reforms to provide economic and social services. They were liberal in design and "modernized" or "westernized" Russia.
Question 3 |
A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the...
A | defeat of Germany in the Russian campaign |
B | marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German princess |
C | appeal of Marxism to the Russian nobility |
D | existence of sharp economic differences between social classes |
Question 3 Explanation:
A rigid class system existed in Russia which allowed landowning nobles, priests, and the Czar to live well, while the peasant class faced many hardships, including poor working conditions in urban areas, poverty, and constant food shortages.
Question 4 |
The political reorganization of Russia after the Communist Revolution of 1917 resulted in
A | a federation of socialist republics |
B | the establishment of a two-party political system |
C | a limited monarchy with the czar as a figurehead |
D | increased political power for ethnic minorities |
Question 4 Explanation:
After the Revolution, Lenin and the Communists gained control over much of the old Russian Empire. They renamed this the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, with Russia, the largest republic, in control. The Soviet Union consisted of diverse peoples throughout both Europe and Asia.
Question 5 |
Which statement best describes the political situation in the Soviet Union immediately after Lenin’s death in 1924?
A | a power struggle developed among Communist Party leaders |
B | Trotsky and his followers assumed full control of the Communist Party |
C | the nation adopted a constitutional monarchy |
D | popular elections were held to choose a new general secretary |
Question 5 Explanation:
A power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky erupted after the death of Lenin. Stalin managed to outmaneuver Trotsky, who was forced out of the Communist Party and into exile. An agent of Stalin later assassinated Trotsky.
Question 6 |
Define: pogrom
A | Large scale, targeted, ethnic attacks |
B | Head of a church in Russia |
C | An opponent of the Czar |
D | A member of the Russian nobility |
Question 6 Explanation:
In 19th century Russia, Anti-Jewish pogroms, or ethnic cleansing attempts, were carried out. Jews were to move into designated areas or convert to Orthodox Christianity.
Question 7 |
Under Josef Stalin, the Soviet Union emphasized centralized economic planning and Five-Year Plans primarily to
A | produce more consumer goods |
B | create a demand for high-quality imports |
C | develop heavy industry |
D | expand exports |
Question 7 Explanation:
Stalin attempted to build the Soviet Union into an industrialized nation quickly through the use of central planning and his Five Year Plans.
Question 8 |
Josef Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union can best be characterized as a period of
A | censorship and terror |
B | religious freedom and tolerance |
C | humanism and democracy |
D | democratic reform and nationalism |
Question 8 Explanation:
Stalin turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state. This form of government consist of a one party dictatorship that often rules through terror and violence, while attempting to control all aspects of the lives of the citizens.
Question 9 |
Alexander the Great earned his nickname "The Liberator" because...
A | He ended the monarchy in Russia. |
B | He emancipated the serfs. |
C | He freed all Jewish community members. |
D | He denounced slavery. |
Question 9 Explanation:
Alexander II reign from 1855-1881 saw many positive reforms. Serfs now gained the rights of free citizens and were very happy about this.
Question 10 |
What was the major effect of Bloody Sunday?
A | Nicholas chose to reform |
B | Nicholas was forced to step down |
C | The Jewish population left Russia forever |
D | Nicholas ordered the military to shoot protestors |
Question 11 |
Peter Stolypin was a progressive leader of Russia that wanted to modernize the country by introducing radical reforms against the poor.
A | True |
B | False |
Question 11 Explanation:
Stolypin was a conservative that planned to use the peasants to his advantage by giving them land and suppressing their anger.
Question 12 |
Which of the following caused the others in Russia?
A | Unemployment |
B | Inflation |
C | Food shortages |
D | WWI |
Question 12 Explanation:
Russia's use of resources in World War I put a huge economic strain on their economy and ultimately caused food shortages, unemployment, and a spiraling economy.
Question 13 |
The Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in the 1917 Revolutions mainly because the Bolsheviks promised to...
A | redistribute the land owned by the nobility |
B | maintain the agricultural price-support system |
C | bring modern technology to Russian farms |
D | establish collective farms |
Question 13 Explanation:
Russian peasants lived in poverty and faced constant food shortages due to the lack of land to cultivate. Most of the arable land belonged to the nobility. Redistribution of this land would alleviate many of the peasant's problems.
Question 14 |
One action taken by both V.I. Lenin and Joseph Stalin was
A | jailing or murdering potential opponents |
B | attempting to bring democracy to Russia |
C | providing economic aid to Japan after World War I and World War II |
D | supporting the Russian Orthodox Church |
Question 14 Explanation:
Totalitarian governments often resort to violence and terror as a means to control their country.
Question 15 |
"It is better to liberate the peasants from above than to wait until they won their freedom by risings from below" - Alexander II
This quote relates to...
A | The end of the noble class |
B | The abolition of serfdom |
C | The rise of Christianity |
D | The equality of Jewish civilians |
Question 15 Explanation:
Alexander did not want to serf class to participate in any social revolution under his rule.
Question 16 |
Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy?
A | entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the government |
B | government agencies are involved in production planning |
C | the role of government in the economy is restricted by law |
D | investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits |
Question 16 Explanation:
A communist, or command economy, controls the means of production by having governmental agencies involved in production planning.
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